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Testosterone is a steroid hormone produced mainly by the testes, specifically by the Leydig cells, in response to luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary. The testes are the primary source because they are specialized to synthesize and secrete this androgen at circulating levels necessary for male reproductive development, spermatogenesis, and secondary sexual characteristics. The ovaries and adrenal glands also produce androgens, but in much smaller amounts, so they are not the primary source of testosterone. The thyroid gland does not produce testosterone.